Symbolic performance and rhetoric of service are part and parcel of the meaning and function of gifts in any given culture. Exploring the specificity of Muslim Orient’s gift terms such as pīshkash and khil‘at. which entered the English language in the wake of trade and diplomatic interactions with the Ottomans. Safavids and Mughals in the seventeenth century. https://wholelatteslovers.shop/product-category/commercial-espresso-machine/